Anthracnose; … Control. Snails mature at around 5 to 15 months, depending on the temperature (with cold winter temperatures inducing hibernation and delaying sexual maturity). Cut the banana plant after harvest at the ground level and treat it with carbaryl (1g/liter) or chlorpyriphos (2.5 ml/lit) at the cut surface. Collect and destruct beetles in kerosene mixed water and using light traps / pheromone traps during night hours. They appear to be “bunched” at the top of the plant, the symptom for which this disease is named. Application of DBCP @ 40 l / ha at planting time (May and June) and 2.5 l / ha in October gave excellent control of nematodes (Luc and Vilardebo 1961). Rodenticides are the most effective means of controlling large and small rodent populations. Strict safety precautions should be used in the preparation, broadcast, or placement and disposal of poison baits for rodents. The disease incidence. Symptoms of damage. Grub: Horticultural oils are often effective and relatively safe on beneficial organisms. Yellow and purplish spots in the sub marginal areas. Fully-grown grubs are about 12 mm long. This treatment completely coated the set in a persistent nematicidal preparation. Biological Control. Application of Furadan 3G @ 20 gms or Phorate 10g @ 12 gms or neem cake @ 1/2 Kg. Removal and destruction of affected leaves. Destroy all the volunteer plants and that could act as a source of thrips to spread to other plantings. Control of insect vector by spraying Phosphomidon at 1 ml per litre or Methyl Demeton at 2 ml per litre or Monocrotophos at 1ml per litre . Since scale insects may occur on all plant parts, every part of the plant must be checked. Banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa. Spray Copper oxychloride or Zineb with gas oil or mobile oil or white oil. When a cross-section is cut, the discolouration appears in a circular pattern around the centre of the rhizome where the infection concentrates due to the arrangement of the vessels. In summer, eggs hatch in about eight days Nymph and adult infest leaves, pseudostem and fruits. TNAU has developed devices that exploit the wandering behaviour of the insects and help in timely detection of insects in stored produce leading to timely control. Adult : Small to medium sized aphids, shiny, reddish to dark brown or almost black. The efficiency of the traps depends on their numbers and frequency of trapping. Grub: creamy white legless grubs, stout and distinctly curved and swollen in the middle of the body. Banana is otherwise called ‘Apple of Paradise’. After harvest, the bunches should be transported to the store house without causing any bruises to them. The transported bunches should be stored carefully at 7 to 10 degree c. Avoid contamination in collecting places, during transport and in ripening rooms, The disease is characterized by the presence of spindle shaped pinkish to reddish streaks on pseudostem, midrib and peduncle, Typical mosaic and spindle shaped mild mosaic streaks on bracts, peduncle and fingers also observed, Suckers exhibit unusual reddish brown streaks at emergence and separation of leaf sheath from central axis, Clustering of leaves at crown with a travelers palm appearance, elongated peduncle and half filled hands are its characteristic symptom, The disease is caused by a virus belonging to potyvirus group. Collect and destroy egg masses and caterpillars, Use burning torch to kill the congregating larvae, Use light trap to attract and kill the adults, Spray chlorpyriphos 20 EC or quinalphos 25 EC 2ml/lit, Young larvae feed by scrapping the leaves from ventral surface. Meloidogyne spp. Remove plant residues after harvest. Spray 3 times with Carbendazim 0.1 per cent or Propicanozole 0.1 % or Mancozeb 0.25% or Calixin 0.1% and teepol (sticking agent) at 10-15 days interval, as the disease starting from initial appearance of leaf specks in lower side of the leaf. It nests in burrows, gulches, rock piles, rock walls, wastelands, fields, and embankments. It causes great damage to sugarcane, banana, pineapple, coconuts, coffee, and other fruit and vegetable crops. Larva - Pale greenish brown with dark marking. Application Pseudomonas fluorescens a bactericide can also be applied along with farmyard manure and neem cake. Steinerma and Heterohabditis spp. The Indo-Malayan region is believed to be the place of origin. Pupa: white and about 12 mm long. Banana should not be grown along with onion and other vegetables.Â. Dip the suckers in Monocrotophos solution (14 ml in 1 lit water) for about 20 minutes to kill the eggs and grubs of the corm weevil . Larva: The wingless creamy white larvae are smaller but have the same shape as the adult. Removal of pistil and perianth by hand immediately after the fruits are formed. Pupate in cocoon by winding short pieces of fibrous materials of the sheath around its body. Avoid injection of Monocrotophos after flowering, Introduction braconid wasps, Lysiphlebius testaceipes as parasitoid to parasitize the aphids, Release predators such as lady bird beetles and lace wings in the field which are very active aphid feeders, Apply bio control agents like entomopathognic fungus, Beauveria bassiana in the banana fields, Newly planted banana fields are easily susceptible to infestation. These include TNAU probe trap, TNAU pit fall trap, two in one model trap, indicator device, Automatic insect removal bin, UV-light trap technology, Egg removal device and Stack Trap. Hot and damp weather with plenty of rainfall trigger the disease to occur. In case of severe infestation the plants may fall off on slight push by hand or wind. Provide proper drainage and avoid water logging in the fields which favours infection. Malathion insecticide on banana seedlings. Adult: It is ssDNA virus belonging to Nanoviridae family and babu virus genus. Conidia are narrow and multiseptateÂ, Perithecia are dark brown to balck, amphiceous, erumpent, ostiolate, Asci are oblong, clavate. Very high populations may result in defoliation, loss of production and in severe cases, death of the plant. Spray soapy water or insecticidal soap on plants thoroughly on petioles, furled leaves, whorls or on young suckers, Spray Dimethoate (75ml/100lit) or Diazinon (1.5ml/lit) or Acephate (1.3g/lit) on infested plants and suckers, Spray Methyl Demeton 25 EC 0.05% or Monocrotophos 36 SL 0.072%, Inject Monocrotophos 36 SL 1 ml/plant (1ml diluted in 4 ml of water). , 1996; Elay abalan et al. Planting of infested suckers do not establish and delay growth. The disturbed ants eject formic acid from their abdomens as a defense reaction. Use of calcium arsenate and Metaldehyde under expert supervision in areas of high infestation. Egg period is 4 to 36 days depending on temperature conditions. Leaves are bunched into a rosette appearance, stunted growth and leaf margins are wavy with upward rolling. Fore wing - Stout moth with wavy white markings on the brown. Footwear, which may have contacted banana plants or soil around banana plants elsewhere, should not be worn on the farm. The banana plant, Musa paradisiaca, is the world's largest herbaceous perennial plant and belongs to the family Musaceae.It is grown for it's fleshy, curved banana fruit. Larval tunnels may run for the entire length of fallen pseudostems. Scales cannot fly; therefore they do not readily infest plants as do most other insects. The disease is soil borne and the fungus enters the roots through the fine laterals. Newly emerged weevils are red brown, turning almost black after a few days. The sets should be soaked for a few seconds in 550 ml DBCP plus 40 litres of clay for sets disinfection. The central core of the pseudostem is used as a vegetable. The nematode enters the roots as well as corms and causes usually induce reddish brown cortical lesions which are characteristic feature of the disease. Use clean planting material â This can be done by selecting vigourous healthy planting material, Hot water treatment of corms at 52 to 55°C for 15 to 27 minutes, Suckers should be pruned periodically and infested pseudostems must be removed from the field and destroyed.Â, Crop rotation with non host crops like paddy and sugarcane, Ensure proper fertilization and free from weeds at all times, Use mulch away from the banana stool leaving a clear ring about 60 cm from the base of the stool to keep the roots growing towards the surface and to avoid moist conditions near the stool, which will attract banana weevils, Do not take regular crop in the same field to avoid initial infestation, Removal of pseudo stems below ground level, Avoid growing Robusta, Karpooruvally, Malbhog, Champa and Adukkar, Grow less susceptible varieties like Poovan, Kadali, Kunnan, Poomkalli. Banana Production Technology Tamil. Exudation of plant sap â initial symptom, Blackened mass comes out from the bore holeÂ, Tunneled part decomposes and pseudostem becomes weak, Remove dried leaves periodically and keep the field clean, Use healthy and pest free suckers to check the pest incidence, Do not dump infested materials into manure pit, Uproot infested trees, chop into pieces and burn, Use longitudinally split pseudostem trap at 65/ha, Dilute 50 ml of monocrotophos 36 SL with 500 ml of water and inject 4ml in the pseudostem, 2ml at 45 cm from ground level; another 2m at 150 cm from ground level, Leaves are bunched into a rosette appearance, Leaf margins are wavy and upward rolling             Â, Seen in colonies on leaf axils and pseudostem, Use healthy and pest free suckers to check the pest incidence  Â, Spray methyl demeton 25 EC 0.05% or monocrotophos 36 SL 0.072%, Direct the spray towards the crown and pseudostem base upto ground level, Inject monocrotophos 36 SL 1ml/plant (1ml diluted in 4 ml of water), Avoid injection of monocrotophos after flowering, Collect and destroy the damaged leaves, flowers and fruits along with life stages, Spraying with dimethoate 30 EC - 850 ml/ha or phosphamidon 85 WSC - 300 ml/ha, Spray methyl demeton 25 EC 2ml/lit or monocrotophos 36 WSC 1ml/lit, Spray carbendazim 3g/ litre of water Application of press mud at 5 kg per tree reduces the wilt incidence, Collect and destroy the affected plant parts, Spray application of monocrotophos 36 WSC 0.04%, Field release of coccinelid predators likeÂ, Rusty reddish discolouration on the fingers. Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts, Spray application of azinphosethyl, chlorphyriphos and monocrotophos, Severe infestation â spot application of Bt, Foliar spray with avanthe 1 ml in 100 ml of water, Field release of entomopathogenic fungus,Â. Heavily infested plants appear unhealthy and produce little new growth. Steinerma and Heterorhabditis sp of nematodes attack both adult and grubs in the field. The white grub and adult feeds on the living roots and later adults feeds on shrubs and the trees like neem, khejri etc. Natural enemies - Predatory ants such as the bigheaded ant (Pheidole megacephala) and Tetramorium spp feed the eggs, grubs and pupae of weevils. Instead of Monoctophos the suckers may be dipped in clay slurry and sprinkled with Carbofuran granules at 40g/corm, Soil drenching of Carbendazim 0.2 per cent solution alternated with Propiconozole 0.1% around the pseudostem at bimonthly intervals starting from five months after planting, Application of urea + sugarcane trash (250g/pit) followed by lime (1Kg/pit) and neem cake (1-2Kg/pit), Application of neem cake @ 250 Kg/ha was most effecgtive in controlling Fusarium wilt in Rasthali cultivar. Adult - Grey coloured with dark spots on the pinkish hind wings. The infection, which occurs in perianth, spreads to fingers causing blackening of the skin, shrinkage and folding of the tissues. Checking of bunches, reduction in total weight and size of fruits are also encountered as a result of heavy infestation. They are active at night. Many students always searches about TNAU study material and TNAU agriculture notes but they didn't get it because of some misleading sites. The lesioning of primary roots together with girdling and death of anchoring roots leads the plant prone to ‘tip over’ under wind pressure. If the scales are not controlled, leaves will drop prematurely, sometimes killing portions of twigs and branches. These populations are generally covered in a heavy coating of white, curly 'wax' and a sugary secretion that is produced by the whitefly immatures. These patches can be used to distinguish from the smaller males of the banana flower thrips. Young infested suckers often wither and fail to develop. Use mechanical barriers in the field. A. Pests of National Signifi cance ... Banana and plantains are grown in about 120 countries. Dependent on the temperature, the babies will hatch in anything from 5 to 21 days. Yellow and purplish spots in the sub marginal areas. Application of over 100 g or neem oil was phytotoxic (harmful to plants) and uneconomical. Caterpillar scraping the chlorophyll content and windowing in unfurled leaves. Then they bore into the pseudostem base and rhizome/corm, but also into the base of suckers and into roots. Pests and diseases that affect the banana industry are listed below. The development of feeder roots is affected in case of high population of nematodes in the soil. Worldwide, banana production is affected by numerous diseases and pests. per pit at planting. MApps C-DAC Hyderabad. Microconidia are abundant, mostly non-septate, ellipsoidal to cylindrical, slightly curved or straight, 5-12 x 2.3-3.5 µm occurring in false heads from short monophialides. Hind wings - white having a brown patch along the margin. Amblypelta nitida Stål, the fruitspotting bug, and Amblypelta lutescens lutescens (Distant), the banana spotting bug, are major pests of tropical fruit in Queensland (Waite, 1990).           The beetles feed on the young leaves and skin of young fruits. Remove infected plants immediately. Pupa: Keep the longitudinal split banana traps @ 100/ha. They have six segmented antennae and prominent dark veins Here are the most common: Nematodes – Nematodes are a common banana plant pest. The infested fruits fetch low market value in case of severe scarring of the fruit skin. Banana is one of the oldest and most popular fruit. The body color is cinnamon-brown to cinnamon-buff to grey with stiff black guard hairs on back and sides; the underside is light buff or grey.Â. The Indo-Malayan region is believed to be the place of origin. It has a long life span and many adults live for  a year. Severe attack dimethoate, methyl demeton, or phosphamidon may be sprayed around the collar region. When the true stem and peduncle are tunnelled after flowering, the fruits do not develop properly, presenting a dehydrated condition with premature ripening of the bunch itself. 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Traps during night hours larvae and can crawl it with Carboryl ( 1g/lit ) or (... Bunched into a rosette appearance, stunted growth and leaf margins are wavy with upward rolling as do most insects.
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