A growth in the amount of sea urchins, one of the otters’ favorite foods, seems to be the leading reason why otter numbers along the California coast have grown to 3,272 this year, up 11 percent since 2013, experts said as they released the latest survey Monday. While superficial, these bites can often be fatal have a significant impact on limiting the population size as well as the range of the otters, Harris said. Why haven’t the hummingbirds flown south for the winter? Sea slugs eat the algae that builds up on sea grass from human runoff of fertilizer and other nutrients. Sea otters along the mainland were surveyed from Pillar Point in San Mateo County in the north, to Rincon Point in the south at the Santa Barbara/Ventura County line (fig. But otters also eat substantial amounts of shellfish each day to sustain their weight and compete with fishermen for their catch. California’s southern sea otter has been listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act since 1977. “We don’t think sharks eat otters; they just bite them and spit them out because sea otters don’t have blubber,” said Lilian Carswell, southern sea otter recovery and marine conservation coordinator for the U.S. At some point, there may be efforts to move some otters to new locations, like San Francisco Bay or farther up the California coast toward Oregon, he said. By 1976 the population contained an estimated 1,789 individuals, but then declined to 1,443 by 1979 and to 1,372 by 1984. Survey procedures involve counting animals during the "spring survey" -- generally beginning in April and ending in June or early July, depending on weather conditions. Only 13 remnant sea otter colonies existed from Russia to Mexico when the International Fur Seal Treaty, which banned the hunting of sea otters and fur seals, was established in 1911. Chief among them is that the otter population is booming between Monterey and Morro Bay. In fact, the otter population is likely at its highest level in at least 100 years, Tinker said. The long-term solution is range expansion.”. “And if they really want to get at something, they’ll get it.”. Today, there are about 3,000 otters found in central and southern California waters. Fish and Wildlife Service says is needed to be met for three years in a row before they can be considered for removal from the endangered species list. Southern Sea Otter Making Strides Toward Recovery While some caveats come with the good news, new population numbers nonetheless cross a key threshold for the California … Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Their northern range is limited by ice, as sea otters can survive amidst drift ice but not land-fast ice Reduced range and population size, vulnerability to oil spills, and oil spill risk from coastal tanker traffic were the primary reasons for listing. Scientists also believe that sea otters could be conservation allies, with their potential to help restore other polluted estuaries in California. In the U.S., there are two distinct sea otter subspecies, the Northern sea otter and the Southern (or California) sea otter. The Alaskan sea otter has a greater tendency to haul out (come to shore) than the California sea otter. The spring 2019 mainland sea otter count began on May 1 and was completed by July 9. Decadelong restoration of Año Nuevo Island deemed a success, ‘Fossil water’ may be vanishing from California, Dungeness crab season can finally get started; fleets, wholesalers agree on price, Rare snowfall blankets Spain, closes Madrid airport. and about normal in the southern half. To improve accuracy, each year’s total is a three-year average. Other estuaries such as those in Drakes Estero, Tomales Bay, Bodega Bay … The Otter Project produces an annual southern sea otter status report to characterize the current status of the population. California sea otters were feared to be extinct until a small number, about 50, were discovered in remote coves off Big Sur in the 1930s. Of the cases where trauma is determined as the cause of death, shark bites account for about half of them, Harris said. Decadelong restoration of Año Nuevo Island deemed a success, ‘Fossil water’ may be vanishing from California, Dungeness crab season can finally get started; fleets, wholesalers agree on price, Rare snowfall blankets Spain, closes Madrid airport. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. But one theory is that the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 banned the killing of elephant seals and sea lions, both of which are food sources for white sharks. Lemur theft suspect ordered to stay away from San Francisco zoo Sea otters are what’s known as a keystone species in that an ecosystem would become drastically changed if they were no longer present. “The work that Hughes has done in Elkhorn Slough suggests that otters can play this ecosystem service role by helping to reestablish a healthy environment through their foraging pressure. So it’s not like you can throw sea otters into the bay right now and it wouldn’t be without any risk to the sea otter.”. U.S. Geological Survey scientists say the latest 3-year average (2,813 sea otters) was 0.5 percent lower than last year, the first time the trend has been negative since the late 1990s. This is a challenging task due to year to year environmental variability and other external factors that may provide conflicting information. In 2010, the count was less than 2,750. San Francisco Bay could act as a haven for California’s threatened southern sea otters and could potentially triple the existing population, according to a new study led by Sonoma State University. They help boost kelp beds, which provide a home to fish and other species, for example, because they eat urchins, which eat kelp. It’s not a long-term solution. All Access Digital offer for just 99 cents! California is the only location where the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) subspecies is found in significant numbers. “Estuaries aren’t really in the recovery plan for sea otters. var _ndnq = _ndnq || []; _ndnq.push([’embed’]); Paul Rogers has covered a wide range of issues for The Mercury News since 1989, including water, oceans, energy, logging, parks, endangered species, toxics and climate change. Fish and Wildlife Service. While Sawyer said he supports the recovery of threatened species such as the otter, the complexities and challenges that San Francisco Bay poses should be very thoroughly vetted and studied before any formal proposal moves ahead. Establishing a new population of otters has proven to be successful in some regions in the past, but also controversial. With more food, the sharks may have expanded in number also, or they may have changed their range. In this photo taken Monday, March 26, 2018, a sea otter is seen at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in Monterey, Calif. California sea otters, once … Why Are Sea Otters Important? “… We’re just highlighting that there is a lot of benefits and managers should consider estuaries in the future should they want to expand the range.”, Get Morning Report and other email newsletters. “And that’s good news because sea otters bring ecological benefits.”. Overall viewing conditions this year were very good, better than those encountered during the 2018 spring census (View Score = 3.0 this year compared to 2.4 last year, where 0=poor, 1=fair, 2=good, 3=very good, and 4=excellent). Eelgrass is one of the rarest habitats in California, with only about 11,000 to 15,000 acres estimated to remain, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The decimation of North Coast kelp forests by urchins in recent years following significant losses of the predatory sea stars to wasting disease is an example of what can occur if populations are kept unchecked. “How long is that going to last? And recent research in Elkhorn Slough in Monterey County has found otters help boost sea grass, also a key home for fish, because they eat crabs. “There’s not much there, just fur and bones. Historically, sea otters numbered in the hundreds of thousands in the North Pacific Ocean. “Over the longer term, it’s not just sea otter numbers we’re after, but the restoration of ecological relationships,” said Carswell. Since the 1990s, the southwestern stock of Alaskan sea otters has experienced a dramatic (up to 70% population) decline, most likely due to increased predation by killer whales. Other attempts to move otters have met with mixed results. “It’s sort of like a perfect storm where we just had a blast of food,” said Carswell. If there are at least 3,090 sea otters in next year’s census, the sea otter might be removed from the federal blacklist. Although they are most strongly associated with rocky substrates, sea otters can also live in areas where the sea floor consists primarily of mud, sand, or silt. “The population is slowly but steadily recovering,” said Tim Tinker, a research biologist in Santa Cruz who leads the U.S. Geological Survey’s otter program. “Just because of the massive size of San Francisco Bay and its existing habitat, it could still support a thriving sea otter population,” said Hughes, an assistant professor of biology at Sonoma State University. Monitoring efforts have varied in frequency and type across years. This year, for the first time since population goals were set in the 1980s, researchers have counted more than 3,000 sea otters and pups on California's central coast. On National Bird Day, Trump administration rolls back more wild bird protections Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis), also known as California sea otters, were listed as threatened in 1977 under the Endangered Species Act. Between 1741 and 1911, Sea Otters were prized for the silky fur and were hunted until the population plummeted into endangerment. And for the first time, the otter numbers have exceeded 3,090, the total that the U.S. But the fuzzy marine mammals have not been able to expand their range north, past Año Nuevo State Park in San Mateo County, or farther south, past Santa Barbara, because they are being killed by great white sharks. California sea otter population reaches record…, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Stanford pulls plug on the return of freshmen and sophomores to campus, California sea otter population reaches record high number, | Natural resources and environment reporter. Gull causes power outage for nearly 6,000 Santa Cruz residents Sea otter population growth has stalled in recent years and many hurdles for full population … Otters are usually found no more than a few hundred meters from water. “It is a two-way street,” Tinker says. Enhydra lutris was placed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1973 and is now listed on CITES Appendix I and II. The populations of those animals soared, particularly off Año Nuevo and Piedras Blancas near Hearst Castle. In that context, the present state of … The range-wide index, defined as the 3-year average of combined counts from the mainland range and San Nicolas Island, was 2,962, a decrease of 166 sea otters from the index for the previous year. In fact, a new study released today concludes that California could more than triple its population of southern sea otters, from an estimated 3,000 to nearly 10,000, by repopulating the largest estuary on the coast—the San Francisco Bay. So they may be really targeting juvenile elephant seals and sea lions and biting otters instead.”. So using a variety of established study methods — radio tracking, veterinary exams, genetic analysis, diet observations — this collaborative group of scientists hopes to uncover new knowledge about this population of California’s iconic sea otters — a population that hasn’t been extensively studied for … Sea stars eat sea urchins, and although the sea stars have slowly started to recover, the urchin population has grown dramatically. Sea otters along the mainland were surveyed from Pillar Point in San Mateo County in the north, to Rincon Point in the south at the Santa Barbara/Ventura County line (fig. Protecting Pismo clams from poaching Fish and Wildlife Service, Monterey Bay Aquarium, California Department of Fish and Game, and others, is done in the spring by airplane and by people counting from shore. They are found most often in areas with protection from the most severe ocean winds, such as rocky coastlines, thick kelp forests, and barrier reefs. Otters can be highly susceptible to pathogens and human interaction has been shown to have a detrimental impact on otters, especially pregnant females that constantly live on the “metabolic edge,” Harris said. For southern sea otters, this likely means that the population would have to exceed 8,400 animals in California alone. Otters are a keystone species, and they affect all levels of the food chain. California’s southern sea otter has been listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act since 1977. Sea otters live in shallow coastal waters off the northern Pacific. Population abundance of the California sea otter has steadily increased through the twentieth century, except for two periods. River otters (genus Lutra) inhabit all types of inland waterways, as well as estuaries and marine coves. Two sea otter subspecies occur in the United States, the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) and the northern sea otter (E.l. kenyoni). In partnership with the Monterey Bay Aquarium, we then The spring surveys have traditionally been used to assess population status because they are both consistently higher … San Francisco Bay and the society around it has fundamentally changed since otters once thrived there. Once thought extinct, a small group of otters survived with their progeny making up the existing population. While the bay and surrounding areas have undergone significant changes during the past 150 years, the study’s lead author, Brent Hughes, said their findings show otters could still flourish if reestablished. The new study, published in “PeerJ: the Journal of Life and Environmental Sciences” in December, found that San Francisco Bay could support about 6,600 southern otters. Get Morning Report and other email newsletters. Since 1982, a standardized method has been deployed to survey the sea otter population in California. Sea otters were presumed extinct in California after the 19th century fur trade years, but were rediscovered in the 1930s by the public, when as few as 50 animals were documented persisting in nearshore areas off the coast of Big Sur. Once hunted to the brink of extinction for their luxuriant pelts, California sea otters rebounded after protections were put in place in 1911. Conception. With conservation efforts, California's sea otter population has slowly grown to around 3,000. Otters could potentially provide that same function in San Francisco Bay.”. Population Historically, sea otters numbered between 150,000 and 300,000 animals throughout the Pacific Rim. California’s and Baja California once had as many as 20,000 southern sea otter in the years before fur traders began methodically killing them for their valuable pelts beginning in the mid-19th century. “To maintain their core temperature, they have to eat 25% of their weight every day to stay alive,” Hughes said. Habitat Typically found in coastal waters no further away than 1 km (0.6 mi.) All Access Digital offer for just 99 cents! Listed in California on January 14 th 1977, the Southern Sea Otter, also known as the California Sea Otter, began to decline after almost 150 years of hunting for its fur. The otters are listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. Historical evidence including archaeological finds supports that the bay once hosted a large population of otters prior to the mid-19th century, the study states. In 2017, the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Sea Otter Conservation. This triangle-shaped patch of ocean stretching between Big Sur and Bodega Bay has one of the highest concentrations of great white sharks. So using a variety of established study methods — radio tracking, veterinary exams, genetic analysis, diet observations — this collaborative group of scientists hopes to uncover new knowledge about this population of California’s iconic sea otters — a population … With fewer crabs, the population of sea slugs grows. Why haven’t the hummingbirds flown south for the winter? This has been made possible by legal protection — in 1977 sea otters became protected under the Endangered Species Act — and by the work of nongovernmental organizations to support growing the population of … A century ago, by the unscientific estimate of crab fishermen along the central coast of California, more than 100,000 sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) populated the waters between Monterey Bay and Santa Barbara, a distance of about 250 miles. Prior to European settlers, the otters in the bay were hunted by Native American tribes, but the waters themselves were relatively undisturbed, Hughes said. Most species are entirely dependent on aquatic habitats for food. and about normal in the southern half. However, their numbers at San Nicolas are finally growing and now near 100. To expand further north, otters would need to pass through a “gauntlet” known as the Red Triangle, Hughes said. Southern sea otters, also known as California sea otters, live in the waters along the central California coastline. By the 1930s, a small group of 50 to 300 sea otters–a population now known as southern or California sea otters–remained near Big Sur, California. Sea otters live in coastal waters 15 to 23 metres (50 to 75 ft) deep, and usually stay within a kilometre (⅔ mi) of the shore. Historically there were about 16,000 southern sea otters, commonly known as California sea otters, that lived from Oregon to Baja, Mexico. Using existing studies and modeling of sea otter growth, the researchers concluded that the San Francisco Bay could support about 6,600 sea otters, more than twice the current estimated population of 3,000. Young great white sharks are usually the biting culprits, mistaking the otters floating on the surface for more blubbery prey such as seals or sea lions, Hughes said. It has rebounded to around 3,000, still far below the estimated pre-fur trade population of 16,000. The southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) population at San Nicolas Island, California, has been monitored annually since the translocation of 140 sea otters to the island was completed in 1990. No one knows for sure why shark bites have become the chief source of mortality for California sea otters. The 2019 census of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis), also known as California sea otters, was conducted from early May to early July along the mainland coast of central California and in April at San Nicolas Island in southern California. “However, there are a bunch of risks and we highlight that in the paper. “Eelgrass habitat is a critical nursery for small finfish and invertebrates,” Harris said. Sea otters are an iconic species, representing the beauty and diversity of marine life found along California’s coastline. That said, there are still some troubling trends. Hog Island Oyster Co. vice president Terry Sawyer said from his experience handling otters while working with the Monterey Bay Aquarium, he knows they are persistent and strong enough to tear through the mesh bags that aquaculturists use to grow oysters and other shellfish in Tomales Bay. Historically there were about 16,000 southern sea otters, commonly known as California sea otters, that lived from Oregon to Baja, Mexico. After taking an experimental bite and finding a mouthful of fur instead of blubber, the shark usually lets go and moves on. The historic population of California sea otters was estimated at 16,000 before the fur trade decimated the population, leading to their assumed extinction. For Hughes, the study is meant to provide decision-makers updated information and how they plan to use it is up to them. Northern sea otters live in the waters off southcoastal Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington State. Today, the otters would face modern dangers of heavy vessel and boat traffic, hazardous waste, sewage spills, oil spills and a significantly larger human presence. But an effort in the 1980s to move them to San Nicolas Island off the Southern California coast was considered a failure because many swam back to the mainland or died. A CDFW scientist using a telescope to search for sea otters. Population abundance of the California sea otter has steadily increased through the twentieth century, except for two periods. There are only about 3,000 southern sea otters left in the wild today. Michael Harris, a California Department of Fish and Wildlife senior environmental scientist who has studied sea otters for nearly 30 years, said otters have had difficulty expanding beyond their range for various reasons, but great white sharks are high on the list. But they were hunted relentlessly in the late 1700s and early 1800s by Russian, British and American fur traders for their pelts, which are denser and softer than mink fur. The sluggish recovery of the southern sea otter of California, a threatened population on the Endangered Species list, appears to have stalled once again. Related Articles In estuary environments such as Elkhorn Slough in Monterey Bay, the otters have shown to improve state’s precious eelgrass beds by eating crustaceans, Harris said. The textbook example of this is otters controlling sea urchin populations, which in turns reduces the urchins’ consumption of kelp forests. “This has a long way to go in terms of any viability,” Sawyer said. Today, there are about 3,000 otters found in central and southern California waters. A separate ground-based survey of the sea otter population at San Nicolas Island was completed earlier (April 15–18). from shore. While an otter is occasionally spotted in and around San Francisco Bay, the bulk of the state’s population is located in waters south of Half Moon Bay or north in Washington and Alaska. A project in the 1970s to transfer some from the Aleutian Islands to southeastern Alaska succeeded. San Francisco Bay could triple threatened otter…, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Stanford pulls plug on the return of freshmen and sophomores to campus, San Francisco Bay could triple threatened otter population, study says, Lemur theft suspect ordered to stay away from San Francisco zoo, On National Bird Day, Trump administration rolls back more wild bird protections, Gull causes power outage for nearly 6,000 Santa Cruz residents. The state has been monitoring sea otters for more than 50 years and typically finds between 460 to 490 dead sea otters each year. Still, there are regions in the bay, especially in the North Bay, where the otters would be less exposed to these hazards, Hughes said. Having more sea urchins to eat has likely helped young otters survive because the urchins are nutritious and abundant. With less algae, the sea grass prospers, providing a nursery for young fish. 1). Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. By 1976 the population contained an estimated 1,789 individuals, but then declined to 1,443 by 1979 and to 1,372 by 1984. 41 years later and counting, their conservation status remains unchanged and their future uncertain. In southern Chile the marine otter is found almost exclusively along exposed rocky seashores; farther north it may inhabit estuaries and fresh water. California sea otters are found off the coast of central California, from Half Moon Bay to Pt. Tinker said no scientists are calling for white sharks to be killed to protect the otters because that would cause other environmental problems. The Alaskan sea otter population numbered more than 100,000 in the 1980s. “They’re fascinating, high-maintenance animals and they’re incredibly powerful,” he said. Otters can provide several ecological benefits to local estuaries and could help the restoration of eelgrass beds that are vital to marine animals and migratory birds, researchers say. Other estuaries such as those in Drakes Estero, Tomales Bay, Bodega Bay and Humboldt Bay could provide further habitat, the study states. This has been made possible by legal protection — in 1977 sea otters became protected under the Endangered Species Act — and by the work of nongovernmental organizations to support … The ultimate goal of southern sea otter recovery is to reestablish ecological relationships in the ecosystems where sea otters and other nearshore species coevolved. Estimates suggest a California population of approximately 2700 individuals. Moving otters would likely be controversial, particularly among fishermen, since they eat abalone, crabs and urchins, all of which are fished commercially. 1). Tomales Bay, Humboldt Bay, San Francisco Bay, San Diego Bay and Mission Bay support more than 80% of the known eelgrass in the state, according to the agency. 41 years later and counting, their conservation status remains unchanged and their future uncertain. He also has worked as managing editor of the Science team at KQED, the PBS and NPR station in San Francisco, and has taught science writing at UC Berkeley and UC Santa Cruz. Giant otters (genus Pteronura) are found mainly in slow-moving rivers and creeks within forests, swamps, and marshes. A standardized method to survey sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) was developed by WERC scientists and put into use in 1982 in California. Species coevolved the textbook example of this is a critical nursery for small finfish and invertebrates, Tinker! Around it has fundamentally changed since otters once thrived there genus Lutra ) inhabit all types of waterways. And typically finds between 460 to 490 dead sea otters far below the pre-fur! 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