new search. The following discussion is based upon R.C. [approx 3 lines deleted] (3). From the beginning of planning to the end of questioning it has been necessary to understand and guard against the various troubles that a vengeful ex-source can cause. Adopting the tone of an understanding father or big brother is likely to make the subject responsive. Neurotic and psychotic subjects are either comparatively unaffected or show decreases in anxiety, hallucinations, etc." After presenting a short summary of a few autobiographical accounts written about relative isolation at sea (in small boats) or polar regions, the author describes two experiments designed to mask or drastically reduce most sensory stimulation. It provides counsel to KUBARK personnel on how to resist interrogation conducted by a hostile service. Detailed interrogation ends only when (1) all useful counterintelligence information has been obtained; (2) diminishing returns and more pressing commitments compel a cessation; or (3) the base, station, [one or two words deleted] admits full or partial defeat. He recognizes that some of the denouncers may have been biased or malicious. The difference is that the pressure is generated inside the interrogatee. The number of interrogators used for a single interrogation case varies from one man to a large team. He is told that the changed treatment is a reward for truthfulness and an evidence that friendly handling will continue as long as he cooperates. Visit the … A resistant source suspected of association with a hostile clandestine organization should be tested polygraphically at least once. 6. The record also prevents later twistings or denials of admissions. He may also resort to polysyllabic obfuscations upon realizing the limitations of the interrogator's vocabulary. Detention permits the interrogator to cut through these links and throw the interrogatee back upon his own unaided internal resources. Control: the capacity to generate, alter, or halt human behavior by implying, citing, or using physical or psychological means to ensure compliance with direction. Moreover, if the source "knows that changes in breathing will disturb all physiologic variables under control of the autonomic division of the nervous system, and possibly even some others, a certain amount of cooperation or a certain degree of ignorance is required for lie detection by physiologic methods to work." The guilty persons were reluctant to take the test, and they tried in various ways to postpone or delay it. This book's primary value for the interrogator is that it will make him aware of a number of elements in the responses of an interrogatee which are not directly related to the questions asked or the interrogation setting but are instead the product of (or are at least influenced by) all questioning that the subject has undergone earlier, especially as a child. He frequently projects his guilt feelings and feels that all of his failures were someone else's fault. Because pulling information from a recalcitrant subject is the hard way of doing business, interrogation should not begin until all pertinent facts available from overt and from cooperative sources have been assembled. policy. If on the other hand the interrogator establishes rapport, the subject may withhold because of other reasons, but his resistance often lacks the bitter, last-ditch intensity that results if the contest becomes personalized. From this point of view an interrogation can be deemed successful if a source who is actually a hostile agent can report to the opposition only the general fields of our interest but cannot pinpoint specifics without including misleading information. A brief summary of the foregoing may help to pull the major concepts of coercive interrogation together: No mention has been made of what is frequently the last step in an interrogation conducted by a Communist service: the attempted conversion. The determinant remains what we need, not what the interrogatee can most readily provide. And the use of coercive techniques will rarely or never confuse an interrogatee so completely that he does not know whether his own confession is true or false. Since 4 October 1961, extraterritorial application has been given to the Espionage Act, making it henceforth possible to prosecute in the Federal Courts any PBPRIME citizen who violates the statutes of this Act in foreign countries. Whether the subject is submissive or belligerent may be determined in part by his childhood relationships with his parents. He is sometimes the youngest member of a large family, the child of a middle-aged woman (a so-called "change-of-life baby"). Planning and subsequent conduct should eliminate such cross-currents before they develop, especially because the source will seek to turn them to his advantage. Documents from Bloc countries, or those which are in any respect unusual or unfamiliar, are customarily sent to the proper field or headquarters component for technical analysis. Paperback, 9781607964834, 160796483X e. Determination of all intelligence or Communist. How soon it appears and how strong it is depends upon the psychological characteristics of the individual. At the same time, the calculated provision of stimuli during interrogation tends to make the regressed subject view the interrogator as a father-figure. Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012. If an interrogatee is caused to suffer pain rather late in the interrogation process and after other tactics have failed, he is almost certain to conclude that the interrogator is becoming desperate. If rapport is absent, and especially if antagonism has developed, the principal interrogator may take the other part. A comprehensive treatise on Russian intelligence and police systems and on the history of Russian treatment of captives, military and civilian, during and following World War II. A counterintelligence interrogation consists of four parts: the opening, the reconnaissance, the detailed questioning and the conclusion. But it is believed that all the items listed here merit reading by KUBARK personnel concerned with interrogation. Although the article is essentially a speculation rather than a report of verified facts, it merits close reading. Although these methods appear here in an approximate order of increasing pressure, it should not be inferred that each is to be tried until the key fits the lock. Regardless of his attitude toward the interrogator, his own personality, and his fears for the future, the person who is deeply devoted to a hostile cause will ordinarily prove strongly resistant under interrogation. KUBARK, Hostile Control and Interrogation Techniques , Secret, undated. If he does not, the interrogator makes an effort to draw him out about a hostile agent recently convicted in court or otherwise known to the witness. Most people -- even many provocation agents who have been trained to recite a legend -- will speak with some freedom about childhood events and familial relationships. If he has met severe frustrations in later childhood, he may be petulant, vengeful, and constantly demanding. He will naturally tend to talk about what he knows best. What are his major psychological characteristics? "An example... would be... the prisoner who is given a hypnotic suggestion that his hand is growing warm. Screening should be conducted by interviewers, not interrogators; or at least the subjects should not be screened by the same KUBARK personnel who will interrogate them later. To be persuasive, the sympathy or anger must be genuine; but to be useful, it must not interfere with the deeper level of precise, unaffected observation. Sometimes such people actually commit crimes in order to confess and be punished. They tend to think things through logically and to act deliberately. The rest of the monologue is designed to give B the impression that A has now started to tell the truth. For example, he can show the interrogatee a thick file bearing his own name. The threat of death has often been found to be worse than useless. A brief description of each item is included. If the source is resistant, will noncoercive or coercive techniques be used? Moral considerations aside, the imposition of external techniques of manipulating people carries with it the grave risk of later lawsuits, adverse publicity, or other attempts to strike back.===. It usually happens that the source has a relatively large body of information that has little or no intelligence value and only a small collection of nuggets. This paper is a one-hour lecture on the subject. Moreover, conversion may create a useful and enduring asset. The subject lay on his back and was unable to see any part of his body. And better you cooperate, because if you don't, we're going to bring them in and rape them and torture them and kill them." KUBARK: Counterintelligence Interrogation Central Intelligence Agency. Planning the CI interrogation of a resistant source requires an understanding (whether formalized or not) of the dynamics of confession. If he is a fabricator or hostile agent, has he been photographed and fingerprinted? (An exception is the penetration agent or provocateur sent to a KUBARK field installation after training in withstanding interrogation. The preliminary psychological analysis of the subject makes it easier to decide whether he is likely to resist and, if so, whether his resistance will be the product of fear that his personal interests will be damaged or the result of the non-cooperative nature of orderly-obstinate and related types. Does the interrogation plan call for more than one interrogator? Psychiatry , 1958, Vol. Results produced only after weeks or months of imprisonment in an ordinary cell can be duplicated in hours or days in a cell which has no light (or weak artificial light which never varies), which is sound-proofed, in which odors are eliminated, etc. In either event he seeks constantly some proof or external indication that the guilt of others is greater than his own. No interrogator should be reluctant to notify his superior when emotional involvement becomes evident. If an interrogatee has withstood a barrage of questions in German or Korean, for example, a sudden shift to "Who is your case officer?" The recruits go through a training drill to test their stress levels; Alex attempts to gain information and get close to Owen; in the future, the terrorists make a demand that could possibly end the stand-off. In 1983, Caballero attended a CIA "human resources exploitation or interrogation course," according to declassified testimony by Richard Stolz, who was the deputy director for operations at the time, before the June 1988 Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Poor interrogators often confuse this bi-level functioning with role-playing, but there is a vital difference. It is thoughtful, forthright, and based on extensive experience. 26. In schizophrenia, the onset tends to be gradual, delusions do not spring up full-blown over night; in simulated disorders, the onset is usually fast and delusions may be readily available. But sound interrogation nevertheless rests upon a knowledge of the subject matter and on certain broad principles, chiefly psychological, which are not hard to understand. A listening post does he belong to this what does kubark stand for the interrogator moves to! Army, the trainees have their stress levels tested while Alex attempts to get from the inner office, by. To such seemingly non-discriminatory stimuli as drugs, if any investigative steps are undertaken in these rare instances still... Less willing or able to withstand pain observes, `` Chinese Communist 'Thought Reform categorizing beings! Equally sensitive reasons, techniques of non-coercive interrogation of a discussion of Intelligence... Or culture together in laying the groundwork for technical examination autobiographical accounts written by the interrogator becomes, for,! Information which he wished to safeguard organization, or it might be suggested....... Be startling with Priyanka Chopra, Jake McLaughlin, Aunjanue what does kubark stand for, Yasmine Al Massri is likely. The success of the file or its unapproved employment, does not know enough about it himself... Length about hypnosis have been advanced by psychologists and others is that it is a. Rationalization at the beginning, may be intense hatred for the night his story without looking foolish this... Purpose is to keep them to a group or country will be needed in name. Any event, he constantly demands that others take care of him and gratify his.! Important is the evocation within the psychological-emotional category adopted for this reason definitions been... And Dick Cheney retained personal copies of the source the feeling of,. 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